Many peyote species are carriers of powerful tetrahydroisoquinoline and phenethylamine alkaloids, as well as the possibility of other non-alkaloidal chemicals. williamsii is the only chemically analyzed Cactaceae species, besides a number of South American Trichocereus, whose major psychoactive alkaloid is mescaline. williamsii is commonly recognized as a medicinal panacea and it is likely that many of these other peyote species, known and unknown have been used not for their effectiveness as hallucinogens, as is generally believed, but rather for their effectiveness as medicinal agents. williamsii makes it all the more likely Native Americans either through accident or intention experimented with a number of them, and quite likely with a larger number of cacti than presently known. The fact that some of these cacti have physical features similar to L. williamsii it seems plausible that these others have similar uses, whether that is as medicinal or ceremonial agents, narcotics, or hallucinogens. Seeing that many peyote species lack resemblance to L. This has led to some conjecture that resemblance to L.williamsii alone dictates peyote status, but in some cases the resemblance is not so apparent, as in the many Ariocarpus and Mammillaria species known as peyote. williamsii, as do Astrophytum asterias,Strombocactus disciformis, and Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele. The name may also simply be the result of their having some superficial resemblance to L. This may be due to use in their own right, or use in combination with, or as replacements for, L. Though Lophophora williamsii is the cactus most associated with the name peyote many others carry this or similar titles. Some seem to be called peyote in name only while others may have purely medicinal or ceremonial uses. Though many cactus species are known as forms of peyote not all have a recorded history of ethnobotanical use. Also mentioned are a number of non-peyote Cactaceae and non-Cactaceae peyote species that are ethnobotanically relevant to the discussion of peyote ethnology. Though peyote and híkuri are often used interchangeably they should not automatically be assumed to be synonymous. This manuscript primarily regards the recorded genera and species of cacti considered forms of "peyote" or "híkuri," or variations of these names, among a small number of tribes and people of Mexico. Part 2: Non-Cactaceous species of interest.Without his invaluable knowledge and assistance many aspects Trout, the author of Trout's Notes and Sacred Cacti, for allowing me to have readyĪccess to Trout's Notes on Cactus Chemistry By Species, from which all my alkaloid Suggestions they are many, this is the product. Me in this endeavor by offering their informative knowledge, comments, thoughts, and I would like to sincerely thank all those individuals who have taken the time to assist Internal use, or simple possession, of some of these plants may lead to legal, physical, or Should not be construed as advocating the use of any of the plants listed herein. The ethnobotanical history, botany, and chemistry of a number of Cactaceae species and The following material is for informational and educational purposes only. Smith at photo: Trichocereus peruvianusįor my wife, JLS, for her eternal patience. Īll correspondence can be directed to: Michael S. The present edition is authorized for use only by The Cactus and Succulent Plant Mall at. Not to be printed or copied and distributed for personal, commercial, and/or financial gain, in print or electronically, without the expressed written consent of the author.
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